Authors: Chaudhary U; Xia B; Silvoni S; Cohen L.G; Birbaumer N Despite partial success, communication has remained impossible for persons suffering from complete motor paralysis but intact cognitive and emotional processing, a state called com- plete locked-in state (CLIS). Based on a motor learning theoretical context and on the failure of neuroelectric brain–computer interface (BCI) communication attempts in CLIS, we […]

Authors: Nieminen J; Gosseries O; Massimini M; Saad E; Sheldon A.D.; Boly M; Siclari F; Postle B; Tononi G When subjects become unconscious, there is a characteristic change in the way the cerebral cortex responds to perturbations, as can be assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS–EEG). For instance, compared to wakefulness, during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep TMS elicits a larger positive–negative […]

Authors: Sitaram R; Ros T; Stoeckel L; Haller S; Scharnowski F; Lewis-Peacock J; Weiskopf N; Belfari M.L.; Rana M; Oblak E; Birbaumer N; Sulzer J Neurofeedback is a psychophysiological procedure in which online feedback of neural activation is provided to the participant for the purpose of self-regulation. Learning control over specific neural substrates has been shown to change specific behaviours. As a progenitor of brain–machine interfaces, neurofeedback […]